Inherit the Wind is a fictionalized account of the 1925 Scopes "Monkey Trial" during which John T. Scopes stood trial for teaching Charles Darwin's theory of evolution to a high school science class contrary to a Tennessee state law.
The characters of Matthew Harrison Brady, Henry Drummond, Bertram Cates and E. K. Hornbeck correspond to the historical figures of William Jennings Bryan, Clarence Darrow, Scopes, and H. L. Mencken, respectively.
The debate over creationism versus evolution has contemporary resonance, as evidenced by the play's numerous revivals and screen adaptations decades after its initial theatrical run.